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When Hedging Fails

By Alexander Korolev

When Hedging Fails

By Alexander Korolev

0 - Default Title
Description
Hedging has been widely viewed as an optimal foreign policy for small and middle powers. However, hedging was more effective in some cases than others and ultimately proved detrimental for certain states. This Element contributes to knowledge about hedging by explaining why some smaller powers can hedge successfully between competing great powers while others fail, suffering serious harm. It develops a theoretical model consisting of international-systemic and state-level variables that determine hedging outcomes. It then tests the model using cases in the post-Soviet space (Georgia, Ukraine) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines) exposed to great power rivalry but exhibiting different hedging outcomes. It shows that hedging failure occurs due to changes in three key variables - structural uncertainty, availability of protective options, and decisionmakers' geopolitical prudence - and interactions between them. The Element highlights the limits to smaller power hedging and argues that hedging should not be taken for granted.
Product details
Binding:
Paperback
Number of Pages:
72
Release Date:
2025-12-20
Publication Date:
2025-12-20
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Languages:
Original: English
ISBN10:
1009638068
ISBN13:
9781009638067
Weight:
120 g
Height:
152 cm
Width:
229 cm
Thickness:
4 cm
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