{"product_id":"douwe-flapper-p-simme-managing-closed-loop-supply-chains-9783540406983","title":"Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains","description":"Introduction Closing supply chains refers to taking care of items once they are no longer desired or can no longer be used by their user. Smart management of closed-loop supply chains means profitable recovery of value from these items (products, functional components, materials or packaging). The company closing the supply chain may be the original equipment manuf- turer (OEM), a distribution partner or a third party not involved in the f- ward distribution. In recent years, the management of closed-loop supply chains has gained importance because of increased legislation on producer respon- bility, requiring companies to take back products from customers and to organize for proper recovery and disposal. This legislation is partially due to increased awareness of environmental issues. However, smart com- nies have also understood that returned products often contain lots of value to be recovered. They manage closed-loop supply chains simply because it is a profitable business proposition.","brand":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54336249397590,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0925\/5829\/5382\/files\/product_image_9783540406983_1.jpg?v=1791150405","url":"https:\/\/www.momoxbooks.com\/products\/douwe-flapper-p-simme-managing-closed-loop-supply-chains-9783540406983","provider":"momox","version":"1.0","type":"link"}