{"product_id":"beselam-biazen-tadesse-quality-of-ethiopian-bottled-water-marketed-in-hawassa-9786209212185","title":"Quality of Ethiopian Bottled Water Marketed in Hawassa","description":"Access to safe drinking water is essential for human health. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of six brands of bottled water marketed in Hawassa, Ethiopia. A total of 105 samples were collected from bottling plants, wholesalers, and retailers and analyzed for total coliforms(TC), thermotolerant coliforms (TTC),E.coli,heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and standard physico-chemical parameters.Bacteriological analysis revealed that raw water from companies A, C, and F had 80-100% TC and TTC contamination. Overall,32.2% and 8.9% of bottled water samples were positive for TC and TTC,respectively, while none contained E. coli. HPC results indicated that only 38.3% of samples met FDA standards, with counts ranging from 23 to 21,363 cfu\/mL(mean±SD:2,904 ± 4,634cfu\/mL). Physico-chemical parameters were within permissible limits, although total alkalinity,TDS, and pH varied significantly among brands (p\u0026lt; 0.05).Despite compliance by some brands,32.2% of bottled water in Hawassa exceeded the zero-tolerance limit for coliforms, indicating potential health risks. Strengthened bacteriological quality control is recommended for safety.","brand":"GlobeEdit","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53800436269398,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0925\/5829\/5382\/files\/product_image_9786209212185_1_bd64812f-7c21-429b-a1b0-a74a3a58e611.jpg?v=1783381316","url":"https:\/\/www.momoxbooks.com\/products\/beselam-biazen-tadesse-quality-of-ethiopian-bottled-water-marketed-in-hawassa-9786209212185","provider":"momoxbooks","version":"1.0","type":"link"}